Eleventy Documentation

Watch and Serve

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Watch Files and use Development Servers

On this page

Running Eleventy with --serve starts a hot reloading local development server for you.

A development server is optional! Using --watch will run Eleventy (and re-run when you save your files) without a server.

Eleventy Dev Server Added in v2.0.0

Eleventy bundles its own dedicated Development Server. In versions prior to v2, we used Browsersync, which you can still use with Eleventy if you’d like.

For most use cases, the default behavior of this server should handle most things automatically. Changing files in your local environment will re-run an Eleventy build and refresh any active web browser sessions on the local site.

Add Your Own Watch Targets

The addWatchTarget config method allows you to manually add a file or directory for Eleventy to watch. When the file or the files in this directory change Eleventy will trigger a build. This is useful if Eleventy is not aware of your project-specific external dependencies.

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.addWatchTarget("./src/scss/");
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.addWatchTarget("./src/scss/");
};

Advanced usage note: This works with chokidar under the hood and chokidar uses picomatch for globbing:

Both **/*.(png|jpeg) and **/*.{png,jpeg} are valid globs to matches any png or jpeg file in your project.

Reset configuration Added in v3.0.0

We do automatically look for dependencies in your configuration file based on JavaScript require or import—watch targets not included in that dependency graph will not reset or re-run your configuration automatically.

To reset your configuration for a specific watch target, use the resetConfig option.

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// You probably don’t need this
	eleventyConfig.addWatchTarget("./_config/**", {
		resetConfig: true
	});
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// You probably don’t need this
	eleventyConfig.addWatchTarget("./_config/**", {
		resetConfig: true
	});
};

Reload without running a build

Use the watch option configurable with Eleventy Dev Server to refresh your local browser when local files change without triggering an Eleventy build. This is useful to decouple build processes outside of Eleventy.

Ignore Watching Files

`.gitignore`

Eleventy will ignore changes to files or folders listed in your .gitignore file by default, unless setUseGitIgnore is turned off.

Configuration API Added in v2.0.0

Previously, the configuration API ignores for template processing were also used as ignores for watching (e.g. eleventyConfig.ignores.add("README.md")).

New in v2.0.0, watch target ignores now have their own dedicated API:

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Do not rebuild when README.md changes (You can use a glob here too)
	eleventyConfig.watchIgnores.add("README.md");

	// Or delete entries too
	eleventyConfig.watchIgnores.delete("README.md");
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Do not rebuild when README.md changes (You can use a glob here too)
	eleventyConfig.watchIgnores.add("README.md");

	// Or delete entries too
	eleventyConfig.watchIgnores.delete("README.md");
};

The watchIgnores Set starts with a default **/node_modules/** entry.

Watch JavaScript Dependencies

When in --watch mode, Eleventy will spider the dependencies of your JavaScript Templates (.11ty.js), JavaScript Data Files (.11tydata.js or _data/**/*.js), or Configuration File (usually eleventy.config.js) to watch those files too. Files in node_modules directories are ignored. This feature is enabled by default.

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Enabled by default
	eleventyConfig.setWatchJavaScriptDependencies(false);
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Enabled by default
	eleventyConfig.setWatchJavaScriptDependencies(false);
};

Add delay before re-running

A hardcoded amount of time Eleventy will wait before triggering a new build when files have changes during --watch or --serve modes. You probably won’t need this, but is useful in some edge cases with other task runners (Gulp, Grunt, etc).

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// default is 0
	eleventyConfig.setWatchThrottleWaitTime(100); // in milliseconds
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// default is 0
	eleventyConfig.setWatchThrottleWaitTime(100); // in milliseconds
};

Advanced `chokidar` Configuration

Advanced chokidar options can be defined using the setChokidarConfig configuration API method:

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.setChokidarConfig({
		usePolling: true,
		interval: 500,
	});
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.setChokidarConfig({
		usePolling: true,
		interval: 500,
	});
};

WARNING

If you’re using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and your project exists outside of your home directory (~), you will likely want to use the usePolling feature to ensure watching works correctly. This is a WSL limitation.

Virtual Templates

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Virtual Templates Added in v3.0.0

In addition to template files in your input directory, Eleventy can also process virtual templates defined in your configuration file (or plugins). Related GitHub #1612.

The RSS plugin offers a virtual template to add feeds to your project.

API

eleventyConfig.addTemplate(virtualPath, content, data = {});

virtualPath: used to determine the template language and data cascade for this template. This path is relative to your project’s input directory.
content: usually a string, but maybe JavaScript (if using an 11ty.js template). Can include front matter if the template language supports it.
data: a data object tied to the template. A little more ergonomic than front matter but functionally the same.

Example

Markdown, HTML (via Liquid) Layout

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Create content templates Files
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("virtual.md", `# Hello`, {
        	layout: "virtual.html"
	});

	// Works great with Layouts too
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("_includes/virtual.html", `<!-- Layout -->{{ content }}`);
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Create content templates Files
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("virtual.md", `# Hello`, {
        	layout: "virtual.html"
	});

	// Works great with Layouts too
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("_includes/virtual.html", `<!-- Layout -->{{ content }}`);
};

JavaScript

Any of the JavaScript shapes on 11ty.js templates are also supported here.

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Create content templates Files
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("virtual.11ty.js", function(data) {
		return `<h1>Hello</h1>`;
	});
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Create content templates Files
	eleventyConfig.addTemplate("virtual.11ty.js", function(data) {
		return `<h1>Hello</h1>`;
	});
};

Release History

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Release History

You can also browse the latest releases on npm or on GitHub.

Major Branches

www.11ty.dev for v3 (Latest, stable)
v2.11ty.dev
v1.11ty.dev
v0.11ty.dev

Full Release History

×222 releases total since November 26, 2017

Version	Docs	Date	More…
`v4.0.0-alpha.7` Prerelease		2026 Mar 20	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.6` Prerelease		2025 Dec 11	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.5` Prerelease		2025 Dec 05	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.4` Prerelease		2025 Aug 01	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.3` Prerelease		2025 Jul 30	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.2` Prerelease		2025 Jul 30	GitHub Release
`v4.0.0-alpha.1` Prerelease		2025 Jul 30	GitHub Release
`v3.1.5`	Docs	2026 Mar 18	GitHub Release
`v3.1.4`	Docs	2026 Mar 18	GitHub Release
`v3.1.3`	Docs	2026 Mar 18	GitHub Release
`v3.1.2`	Docs	2025 Jun 24	GitHub Release
`v3.1.2-beta.4` Prerelease		2025 Jun 23	GitHub Release
`v3.1.2-beta.3` Prerelease		2025 Jun 20	GitHub Release
`v3.1.2-beta.2` Prerelease		2025 Jun 18	GitHub Release
`v3.1.2-beta.1` Prerelease		2025 Jun 16	GitHub Release
`v3.1.1`	Docs	2025 Jun 03	GitHub Release
`v3.1.1-beta.3` Prerelease		2025 May 31	GitHub Release
`v3.1.1-beta.2` Prerelease		2025 May 31	GitHub Release
`v3.1.1-beta.1` Prerelease		2025 May 30	GitHub Release
`v3.1.0`	Docs	2025 May 13	GitHub Release
`v3.1.0-beta.1` Prerelease		2025 Apr 18	GitHub Release
`v3.1.0-alpha.1` Prerelease		2025 Apr 14	GitHub Release
`v3.0.1-alpha.5` Prerelease		2025 Mar 14	GitHub Release
`v3.0.1-alpha.4` Prerelease		2025 Jan 29	GitHub Release
`v3.0.1-alpha.3` Prerelease		2025 Jan 14	GitHub Release
`v3.0.1-alpha.2` Prerelease		2025 Jan 14	GitHub Release
`v3.0.1-alpha.1` Prerelease		2024 Dec 20	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0`	Docs	2024 Oct 01	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-beta.2` Prerelease		2024 Sep 30	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-beta.1` Prerelease		2024 Jul 31	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.20` Prerelease		2024 Sep 11	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.19` Prerelease		2024 Sep 04	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.18` Prerelease		2024 Jul 30	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.17` Prerelease		2024 Jul 16	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.16` Prerelease		2024 Jul 09	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.15` Prerelease		2024 Jul 09	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.14` Prerelease		2024 Jun 27	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.13` Prerelease		2024 Jun 12	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.12` Prerelease		2024 Jun 11	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.11` Prerelease		2024 Jun 10	GitHub Release
`v3.0.0-alpha.10` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.9` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.7` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.5` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v3.0.0-alpha.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.2-alpha.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.2-alpha.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.1`	Docs	2023 Mar 28	GitHub Release
`v2.0.1-beta.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.1-beta.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.1-alpha.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.1-alpha.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.1-alpha.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0`	Docs	2023 Feb 08	GitHub Release
`v2.0.0-canary.35` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.34` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.33` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.32` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.31` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.30` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.29` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.28` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.27` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.26` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.25` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.24` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.23` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.22` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.21` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.20` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.19` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.18` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.17` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.15` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.14` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.13` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.12` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.11` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.10` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.9` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.8` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.7` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.6` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.5` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-canary.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v2.0.0-beta.3` Prerelease		2023 Jan 30	GitHub Release
`v2.0.0-beta.2` Prerelease		2023 Jan 26	GitHub Release
`v2.0.0-beta.1` Prerelease		2023 Jan 18	GitHub Release
`v1.0.2`	Docs	2022 Aug 16	GitHub Release
`v1.0.1`	Docs	2022 Apr 18	GitHub Release
`v1.0.1-canary.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.1-canary.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.1-canary.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.1-canary.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0`	Docs	2022 Jan 08	GitHub Release
`v1.0.0-canary.50` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.49` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.48` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.47` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.46` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.45` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.44` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.43` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.42` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.41` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.40` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.39` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.38` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.37` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.36` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.35` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.34` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.33` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.32` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.31` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.30` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.29` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.28` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.27` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.26` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.25` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.24` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.23` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.22` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.21` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.20` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.19` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.18` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.17` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.16` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.15` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.14` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.13` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.12` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.11` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.10` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.9` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.8` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.7` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.6` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.5` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-canary.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.10` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.9` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.8` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.7` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.6` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.5` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v1.0.0-beta.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.12.1`	Docs	2021 Mar 19	GitHub Release
`v0.12.0`	Docs	2021 Mar 19	GitHub Release
`v0.11.1`	Docs	2020 Oct 22	GitHub Release
`v0.11.0`	Docs	2020 May 10	GitHub Release
`v0.11.0-beta.4` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.11.0-beta.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.11.0-beta.2` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.11.0-beta.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.10.0`	Docs	2020 Jan 07	GitHub Release
`v0.10.0-beta.2` Prerelease		2020 Jan 04	GitHub Release
`v0.10.0-beta.1` Prerelease		2019 Dec 09	GitHub Release
`v0.9.0`	Docs	2019 Aug 27	GitHub Release
`v0.9.0-beta.3` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.9.0-beta.2` Prerelease		2019 Aug 17	GitHub Release
`v0.9.0-beta.1` Prerelease		2019 Jul 26	GitHub Release
`v0.8.3`	Docs	2019 May 04	GitHub Release
`v0.8.2`	Docs	2019 Apr 09	GitHub Release
`v0.8.1`	Docs	2019 Apr 06	GitHub Release
`v0.8.0`	Docs	2019 Apr 04	GitHub Release
`v0.8.0-beta.1` Prerelease			GitHub Tag
`v0.7.1`	Docs	2019 Jan 12	GitHub Release
`v0.7.0`	Docs	2019 Jan 11	GitHub Release
`v0.6.0`	Docs	2018 Nov 25	GitHub Release
`v0.5.4`	Docs	2018 Sep 28	GitHub Release
`v0.5.3`	Docs	2018 Aug 29	GitHub Release
`v0.5.2`	Docs	2018 Aug 15	GitHub Release
`v0.5.1`	Docs	2018 Aug 15	GitHub Release
`v0.5.0`	Docs	2018 Jul 05	GitHub Release
`v0.4.0`	Docs	2018 Jun 20	GitHub Release
`v0.3.6`	Docs	2018 Jun 07	GitHub Release
`v0.3.5`	Docs	2018 May 22	GitHub Release
`v0.3.4`	Docs	2018 May 11	GitHub Release
`v0.3.3`	Docs	2018 Apr 17	GitHub Release
`v0.3.2`			GitHub Tag
`v0.3.1`	Docs	2018 Apr 05	GitHub Release
`v0.3.0`	Docs	2018 Mar 26	GitHub Release
`v0.2.15`	Docs	2018 Mar 06	GitHub Release
`v0.2.14`	Docs	2018 Feb 16	GitHub Release
`v0.2.13`	Docs
`v0.2.12`	Docs
`v0.2.11`	Docs
`v0.2.10`	Docs	2018 Jan 25	GitHub Release
`v0.2.9`	Docs
`v0.2.8`	Docs
`v0.2.7`	Docs	2018 Jan 17	GitHub Release
`v0.2.6`	Docs	2018 Jan 12	GitHub Release
`v0.2.5`	Docs
`v0.2.4`	Docs
`v0.2.3`	Docs
`v0.2.2`	Docs	2018 Jan 09	GitHub Release
`v0.2.1`	Docs
`v0.2.0`	Docs
`v0.1.9`	Docs
`v0.1.8`	Docs
`v0.1.7`	Docs
`v0.1.6`	Docs
`v0.1.5`	Docs
`v0.1.4`	Docs
`v0.1.3`	Docs
`v0.1.2`	Docs
`v0.1.1`	Docs
`v0.1.0`	Docs

Command Line Usage

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Command Line Usage

Prerequisites

Eleventy runs in a Terminal application. Well, wait—what is a Terminal?
Have you already installed Eleventy?

Here’s the first command you can enter in your Terminal application to run Eleventy:

npm pnpm yarn

# Searches the current directory, outputs to ./_site
npx @11ty/eleventy

# `npx @11ty/eleventy` is the same as:
npx @11ty/eleventy --input=. --output=_site

# Searches the current directory, outputs to ./_site
pnpm exec eleventy

# `pnpm exec eleventy` is the same as:
pnpm exec eleventy --input=. --output=_site

# Searches the current directory, outputs to ./_site
yarn exec eleventy

# `yarn exec eleventy` is the same as:
yarn exec eleventy --input=. --output=_site

Read more about --input and --output. Note that setting the input and output directories via config file is preferred.

A hypothetical template.md in the current directory would be rendered to _site/template/index.html. Read more at Permalinks.

npm pnpm yarn

# Use only a subset of template types
npx @11ty/eleventy --formats=md,html,ejs

# Don’t process any formats
npx @11ty/eleventy --formats=

# Find out the most up-to-date list of commands (there are more)
npx @11ty/eleventy --help

# Use only a subset of template types
pnpm exec eleventy --formats=md,html,ejs

# Don’t process any formats
pnpm exec eleventy --formats=

# Find out the most up-to-date list of commands (there are more)
pnpm exec eleventy --help

# Use only a subset of template types
yarn exec eleventy --formats=md,html,ejs

# Don’t process any formats
yarn exec eleventy --formats=

# Find out the most up-to-date list of commands (there are more)
yarn exec eleventy --help

The default for --formats= changed in v3.0.0 from an alias of * to an empty set.

Re-run Eleventy when you save

npm pnpm yarn

# Add a web server to apply changes and
# refresh automatically. We’ll also --watch for you.
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve

# Change the web server’s port—use localhost:8081
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve --port=8081

# Watch and re-run when files change, without the web server.
npx @11ty/eleventy --watch

# Add a web server to apply changes and
# refresh automatically. We’ll also --watch for you.
pnpm exec eleventy --serve

# Change the web server’s port—use localhost:8081
pnpm exec eleventy --serve --port=8081

# Watch and re-run when files change, without the web server.
pnpm exec eleventy --watch

# Add a web server to apply changes and
# refresh automatically. We’ll also --watch for you.
yarn exec eleventy --serve

# Change the web server’s port—use localhost:8081
yarn exec eleventy --serve --port=8081

# Watch and re-run when files change, without the web server.
yarn exec eleventy --watch

`--quiet` if the Output is Too Noisy

npm pnpm yarn

# Shhhhh—Don’t log so much to the console
npx @11ty/eleventy --quiet

# Shhhhh—Don’t log so much to the console
pnpm exec eleventy --quiet

# Shhhhh—Don’t log so much to the console
yarn exec eleventy --quiet

`--dryrun` to do a Little Testing

Runs without writing to the file system. Useful when debugging.

npm pnpm yarn

# Run Eleventy but don’t write any files
npx @11ty/eleventy --dryrun

# Run Eleventy but don’t write any files
pnpm exec eleventy --dryrun

# Run Eleventy but don’t write any files
yarn exec eleventy --dryrun

`--config` to Change the Config file name

npm pnpm yarn

# Override the default eleventy project config filename (.eleventy.js)
npx @11ty/eleventy --config=myeleventyconfig.js

# Override the default eleventy project config filename (.eleventy.js)
pnpm exec eleventy --config=myeleventyconfig.js

# Override the default eleventy project config filename (.eleventy.js)
yarn exec eleventy --config=myeleventyconfig.js

`--to` can output JSON Added in v1.0.0

npm pnpm yarn

# Output a JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
npx @11ty/eleventy --to=json

# Output a Newline Deliminated JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
npx @11ty/eleventy --to=ndjson

# Default behavior (Output to file system)
npx @11ty/eleventy --to=fs

# Output a JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
pnpm exec eleventy --to=json

# Output a Newline Deliminated JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
pnpm exec eleventy --to=ndjson

# Default behavior (Output to file system)
pnpm exec eleventy --to=fs

# Output a JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
yarn exec eleventy --to=json

# Output a Newline Deliminated JSON structure (does not write to the file system)
yarn exec eleventy --to=ndjson

# Default behavior (Output to file system)
yarn exec eleventy --to=fs

`--incremental` for Partial Incremental Builds

npm pnpm yarn

# *Repeat* builds only operate on files that have changed
npx @11ty/eleventy --watch --incremental
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve --incremental

# Skip the initial full build with `--ignore-initial`
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

# Pass in a template path, watch/serve not required
# Added in v3.0.0
npx @11ty/eleventy --incremental=myfile.md

# *Repeat* builds only operate on files that have changed
pnpm exec eleventy --watch --incremental
pnpm exec eleventy --serve --incremental

# Skip the initial full build with `--ignore-initial`
pnpm exec eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

# Pass in a template path, watch/serve not required
# Added in v3.0.0
pnpm exec eleventy --incremental=myfile.md

# *Repeat* builds only operate on files that have changed
yarn exec eleventy --watch --incremental
yarn exec eleventy --serve --incremental

# Skip the initial full build with `--ignore-initial`
yarn exec eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

# Pass in a template path, watch/serve not required
# Added in v3.0.0
yarn exec eleventy --incremental=myfile.md

Read more about incremental builds. Related GitHub #3324

`--ignore-initial` to run Eleventy without an Initial Build Added in v2.0.0

Be wary of any file changes that happened while Eleventy wasn’t running!

npm pnpm yarn

# Don’t build when Eleventy starts, only build on file changes
npx @11ty/eleventy --watch --ignore-initial
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve --ignore-initial

# Works great with Incremental
npx @11ty/eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

# Don’t build when Eleventy starts, only build on file changes
pnpm exec eleventy --watch --ignore-initial
pnpm exec eleventy --serve --ignore-initial

# Works great with Incremental
pnpm exec eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

# Don’t build when Eleventy starts, only build on file changes
yarn exec eleventy --watch --ignore-initial
yarn exec eleventy --serve --ignore-initial

# Works great with Incremental
yarn exec eleventy --serve --incremental --ignore-initial

Deeper insight into Eleventy Internals

You can use the DEBUG environment variable to enable the special debug log output, allowing deeper insight into Eleventy’s internals. For simplicity this example is using the cross-env package.

npm pnpm yarn

npx cross-env DEBUG=Eleventy:* npx @11ty/eleventy --dryrun

pnpm exec cross-env DEBUG=Eleventy:* pnpm exec @11ty/eleventy --dryrun

yarn exec cross-env DEBUG=Eleventy:* yarn exec @11ty/eleventy --dryrun

Learn more about Eleventy’s Debug Mode log output.

Using the Same Input and Output

Yes, you can use the same input and output directories, like so:

npm pnpm yarn

# Parse and write Markdown to HTML, respecting directory structure.
npx @11ty/eleventy --input=. --output=. --formats=md

# Parse and write Markdown to HTML, respecting directory structure.
pnpm exec eleventy --input=. --output=. --formats=md

# Parse and write Markdown to HTML, respecting directory structure.
yarn exec eleventy --input=. --output=. --formats=md

WARNING

Careful with --formats=html here! If you run Eleventy more than once, we will attempt to process your new output files as input files (which will throw errors). Read more at the HTML template docs.

Incremental

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Incremental Builds

Incremental builds via the command line flag --incremental perform a partial build operating only on files that have changed to improve build times when doing local development.

Let’s check in on the current capabilities and the roadmap:

Templates
- If you create/update a template file, Eleventy will run the build for that file and only that file.
- Layouts Added in v2.0.0
  - When you change a layout file, any templates using that layout file are rebuilt.
- Template Dependencies Added in v2.0.0Any templates using a dependency mapped via the addDependencies method will be rebuilt when those dependencies change.
  - Added in v1.0.0This feature was previously exposed as part of the API for Custom template extensions via the isIncrementalMatch function.
  - Other Includes: If the created/updated file is in your Includes or Layouts directories, a full build will run. Added in v2.0.0Files used as Eleventy Layouts in your build are exempted.
- Collections Added in v2.0.0
  - When you add or delete a tag from a template, any templates using that collection tag (as declared by pagination.data or eleventyImport.collections) will be rebuilt.
Passthrough Copy
- Incremental passthrough copy uses the following rules:
- Only copy a passthrough copy file when it actively changed. Don’t run a template build if only a passthrough copy file has changed.
- If a template has changed, don’t copy the passthrough copy files.
- There was some discussion about making this behavior default at Issue #1109.
- Added in v2.0.0 Passthrough copy can be emulated during --serve to speed up both incremental and non-incremental builds.
Configuration File
- If you create/update your Eleventy configuration file, a full build will run.
Don’t build on startup: Added in v2.0.0 --ignore-initial was added and works great with --incremental.

Additional Template Language Features

The previously stated incremental features are implemented in Eleventy core and are available to all template languages. Some template types offer additional --incremental build support:

WebC: deep knowledge of the full component dependency graph allows us to smartly build templates that use a component when that component is changed.

🗓 To Do

Cold Start Incremental: --incremental does a full build to start out to provide a fresh starting point to work from. This feature would save the state of the build to the file system for faster cold starts. Issue #984
Incremental on a Build Server: Cache the output folder between builds on a CI server like Netlify and only process/write templates that have changed since the last build. Issue #2775
Global/directory/template Data file usage mapped to templates Issue #2706
Template types
- 11ty.js: Map JavaScript dependencies
- liquid: Dependency mapping for Liquid templates ({% include %}, etc)
- ~~Dependency mapping for Nunjucks templates ({% include %}, etc)~~ Unlikely due to Nunjucks API limitations.
Collections dependencies improvements: while we have eleventyImport.collections to declaratively log collections dependencies, we may be able to dive deeper into template syntax APIs to find the symbols in use. Issue #1615 Alternatively we may be able to change the collections API to use Proxies to get smarter about this in an easier way (though previous experiments with this for eleventyComputed failed in some languages).
Render plugin: {% renderFile %} dependencies
Stretch goal: Pagination-level incremental that operates on a subset of data Issue #1087

Transforms

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Transforms

Transforms can modify a template’s output. For example, use a transform to format/prettify an HTML file with proper whitespace.

The provided transform function must return the original or transformed content.

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

export default function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Can be sync or async
	eleventyConfig.addTransform("transform-name", async function (content) {
		console.log(this.page.inputPath);

		// Caution: this could be `false` (from permalink)
		console.log(this.page.outputPath);

		// No changes made, return as-is
		return content;
	});
};

module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
	// Can be sync or async
	eleventyConfig.addTransform("transform-name", async function (content) {
		console.log(this.page.inputPath);

		// Caution: this could be `false` (from permalink)
		console.log(this.page.outputPath);

		// No changes made, return as-is
		return content;
	});
};

Access to Eleventy’s page variable (via this.page) was added in Eleventy v2.0. For previous versions, consult the older versions of the docs.

Running Transforms Manually

Added in v3.0.0 The renderTransforms universal filter allows projects to run transforms manually on blocks of arbitrary HTML content.

Order of Execution

Transforms are executed in order of insertion in your configuration file.

eleventyConfig.addTransform("first", () => {});
eleventyConfig.addTransform("second", () => {});
eleventyConfig.addTransform("third", () => {});

Plugins

Transforms added via plugins are inserted via the second configuration stage for plugins.

eleventyConfig.addPlugin(eleventyConfig => {
	eleventyConfig.addTransform("third", () => {});
});
eleventyConfig.addTransform("first", () => {});
eleventyConfig.addTransform("second", () => {});

Examples

Minify HTML Output

eleventy.config.js

ESM CommonJS

import htmlmin from "html-minifier-terser";

export default function (eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.addTransform("htmlmin", function (content) {
		// String conversion to handle `permalink: false`
		if ((this.page.outputPath || "").endsWith(".html")) {
			let minified = htmlmin.minify(content, {
				useShortDoctype: true,
				removeComments: true,
				collapseWhitespace: true,
			});

			return minified;
		}

		// If not an HTML output, return content as-is
		return content;
	});
};

const htmlmin = require("html-minifier-terser");

module.exports = function (eleventyConfig) {
	eleventyConfig.addTransform("htmlmin", function (content) {
		// String conversion to handle `permalink: false`
		if ((this.page.outputPath || "").endsWith(".html")) {
			let minified = htmlmin.minify(content, {
				useShortDoctype: true,
				removeComments: true,
				collapseWhitespace: true,
			});

			return minified;
		}

		// If not an HTML output, return content as-is
		return content;
	});
};

Note that html-minifier-terser has a significant number of options, most of which are disabled by default.

Testmonials

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Testimonials

Don’t just take my word for it. 🌈 Listen to what these happy developers are saying about Eleventy:

“Eleventy is absolutely wonderful. It’s by far the nicest static site generator I’ve used in what feels like forever.” —Addy Osmani

“Easily one of my favorite open source projects ever!” —Tyler Sticka

“Eleventy + Netlify have become my new workflow for static sites. I think I'm in love.” —Mina Markham

“Eleventy is almost fascinatingly simple.” —Chris Coyier

“Eleventy… makes my life so much easier.” —HJ Chen

“I really like the flexibility Eleventy offers in comparison to my previous Jekyll build.” —Alex Carpenter

“Eleventy is as close as we’ve gotten to how the web was always meant to be built (ya’ know, once we realized the value of templates and JavaScript).” —Reuben L. Lillie

“Seriously can't remember enjoying using a Static Site Generator this much. Yes Hugo is rapid, but this is all so logical. It feels like it was designed by someone who has been through lots of pain and success using other SSGs.” —Phil Hawksworth

“I looked into and actively tried using various static site generators for this project. Eleventy was the only one I could find that gave me the fine-grained control I needed at blazingly fast build times.” —Mathias Bynens

“I actually used Eleventy for the first time this week. Loved it.” —Paul Lewis

“2018 winner of the Google Open Source Peer Bonus Award” —Google

“Think the reason everyone is loving [Eleventy] so much (myself included) is that it doesn't come with a prescription about data sources or template rendering.” —Brian Leroux

“2022 winner of the Google Open Source Peer Bonus Award” —Google

“Holy cow! Eleventy is so crazy simple to work with.” —Will Riley

“Eleventy and web components go really, really well together.” —Justin Fagnani

“It's clean, elegant, easy to use, and does just enough to be useful without getting in the way. Excellent work 😊” —Timothy Miller

“Every time I make something with Eleventy it makes me smile. I think that might be to do with its focus on simplicity.” —Phil Hawksworth

“I like Eleventy. (I hope that was enough to get me on the testimonials page.)” —Steve Gardner

“#1 Product of the Day (May 2022)” —Product Hunt

Read the replies to: “Fans of Eleventy.... why do you like it better than other static site generators?”

“After a day or so tweaking my existing build, here is a preview of the site running on Eleventy. I'm sold! The main thing to me was the ability to run custom JavaScript logic to sort, filter, and augment data in collections.” —Eduardo Bouças

“Eleventy is a killer static site generator. That’s all.” —Sara Soueidan

“Jekyll is dead to me” —Andy Bell

“I think what's great about Eleventy is how it was able to simplify SSGs to just 2 concepts: data sources and templates.” —Matthew Phillips

“I've been digging into Eleventy, a new static site generator. Really like the way it handles pagination!” —James Williamson

“Just got through moving a project to Eleventy. Never used nunjucks or a static site generator before, but it was so easy. This will make my life so much easier.” —Micah Mills

“I challenged myself to build the site in a day. I started at noon on Saturday and had something launched by 1am Saturday night. Built on [Eleventy] served by GitHub Pages, using [TravisCi] to deploy.” —Snook

“I heard Eleventy was good” —Lach Zeatherman

“[Eleventy is] a platform that legitimately built things in the way that I thought and worked more than anything else out there, and with every new feature it's like my mind gets read.” —Bryan Robinson

“I tried Eleventy last night on a personal project and today we implemented it on a (non-public facing) client project. It's really good.” —Cody Peterson

“Eleventy is my fave.” —Tatiana Mac

“The Eleventy + Netlify combo continues to be 🤌” —Dan Mall

“I use Eleventy on almost every project at this point and I love it.” —Lea Verou

“2019 winner of the Google Open Source Peer Bonus Award” —Google

“Just the kind of simple / common sense tool I love. The data/folder hierarchy mechanism is super obvious and elegant.” —Heydon Pickering

“Don’t tell Zach I said it but Eleventy is seeming fresh as hell so far” —Mat Marquis

“Just gave Eleventy a first run/try and I must say it's pretty dang awesome. Especially for someone like me, who is most familiar with HTML and CSS and some JS. ❤️” —Marco Hengstenberg

Opening a Terminal

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Opening a Terminal

On this page

Eleventy runs in a Terminal application. If you’re not familiar with Terminal applications, they’re used to run typed commands (and programs) on your computer. A Terminal application is mostly synonymous with terms like Command Line Interface (CLI) or shell prompt.

Here’s how to open a Terminal in various operating systems:

macOS

macOS includes an application called Terminal which can be used to run Eleventy. Depending on your version of macOS, it likely lives in /Applications/Utilities/Terminal. It may also be called Terminal.app if your operating system is configured to show file extensions.

Open or quit Terminal on Mac on the Apple Terminal User Guide

Windows

Depending on your version of Windows, it may include the Terminal application (aka Windows PowerShell, preferred), or the Command Prompt (also known as cmd.exe, not preferred), or both.

For the best terminal experience, we recommend installing PowerShell Core on your Windows machine, a newer and more future-compatible terminal application (also newly cross-platform!).

Linux

Depending on your flavor of Linux, it may be called Terminal, Shell, Gnome Terminal, Konsole, or XTerm.

Editors

Some code editors bundle a terminal for you!

Nova (macOS)
Visual Studio Code (macOS, Windows, Linux)
- On Windows, Visual Studio Code is bundled with Windows Powershell.
WebStorm (macOS, Windows, Linux)

More resources

Overriding Languages

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Overriding the Template Language

There are a couple of different ways you can tell Eleventy how you want to process a file:

The file extension (importantly, this is also used to find files to process).
Configuration options:
- markdownTemplateEngine: The default global template engine to pre-process markdown files. Use false to avoid pre-processing and only transform markdown.
- htmlTemplateEngine: The default global template engine to pre-process HTML files. Use false to avoid pre-processing and passthrough copy the content (HTML is not transformed, so technically this could be any plaintext).
templateEngineOverride in the template’s front matter. Should be one templating engine (liquid) or markdown paired with another templating engine (liquid,md). See examples below.

`templateEngineOverride` Examples

Replace with a single templating engine

If your file is called example.liquid—instead of liquid, this will be parsed as a njk Nunjucks template:

Filename example.liquid

---
templateEngineOverride: njk
---

Special case: pairing a templating engine with `md` Markdown

Remember that—by default—Markdown files are processed with an additional preprocessor template engine set globally with the markdownTemplateEngine configuration option. So, when using templateEngineOverride on markdown files be sure to list each templating engine you’d like to use.

For example, you may want to process njk Nunjucks first and then md markdown afterwards. Markdown is supported either by itself or with another engine. No other templating engines can be combined in this way—Markdown is the exception here. Any other combination attempt will throw an error.

Markdown and nothing else

---
templateEngineOverride: md
---

Nunjucks and then Markdown

---
templateEngineOverride: njk,md
---

Use nothing (no transformations)

Any falsy value here will just copy the template content without transformation.

---
templateEngineOverride: false
---

Eleventy Documentation

2026-05-05T14:21:06Z

Thank You Eleventy Contributors!

Eleventy is made possible by financial contributions from these lovely people:

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and you?

There are other ways to support Eleventy too!

Eleventy Documentation

Watch and Serve

Watch Files and use Development Servers

Eleventy Dev Server Added in v2.0.0

Add Your Own Watch Targets

Reset configuration Added in v3.0.0

Reload without running a build

Ignore Watching Files

.gitignore

Configuration API Added in v2.0.0

Watch JavaScript Dependencies

Add delay before re-running

Advanced chokidar Configuration

Virtual Templates

Virtual Templates Added in v3.0.0

API

Example

Markdown, HTML (via Liquid) Layout

JavaScript

Release History

Release History

Major Branches

Full Release History

Command Line Usage

Command Line Usage

Re-run Eleventy when you save

--quiet if the Output is Too Noisy

--dryrun to do a Little Testing

--config to Change the Config file name

--to can output JSON Added in v1.0.0

--incremental for Partial Incremental Builds

--ignore-initial to run Eleventy without an Initial Build Added in v2.0.0

Deeper insight into Eleventy Internals

Using the Same Input and Output

Incremental

Incremental Builds

Additional Template Language Features

🗓 To Do

Transforms

Transforms

Running Transforms Manually

Order of Execution

Plugins

Examples

Minify HTML Output

Testmonials

Testimonials

Opening a Terminal

Opening a Terminal

macOS

Windows

Linux

Editors

More resources

Overriding Languages

Overriding the Template Language

templateEngineOverride Examples

Replace with a single templating engine

Special case: pairing a templating engine with md Markdown

Markdown and nothing else

Nunjucks and then Markdown

Use nothing (no transformations)

Eleventy Documentation

Thank You Eleventy Contributors!

`.gitignore`

Advanced `chokidar` Configuration

`--quiet` if the Output is Too Noisy

`--dryrun` to do a Little Testing

`--config` to Change the Config file name

`--to` can output JSON Added in v1.0.0

`--incremental` for Partial Incremental Builds

`--ignore-initial` to run Eleventy without an Initial Build Added in v2.0.0

`templateEngineOverride` Examples

Special case: pairing a templating engine with `md` Markdown